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One mother stopped watching ER reruns when her preschooler tried to give her little brother CPR. Another laughed that her 15-month-old sang the McDonald's jingle — "ba, ba, boppa, ba" — every time they drove past the golden arches.

One-third of the youngest U.S. children — babies through age six — live in homes where the television is on almost all the time, says a study that highlights the immense disconnect between what pediatricians advise and what parents allow.

TV in the bedroom is not even that rare for the littlest tots any more. Almost one child in five under two has a set, even though the American Academy of Pediatrics advises against any TV watching at that age.

Eight in 10 children younger than six watch TV, play video games or use the computer on a typical day. They average about two hours of screen time, compared with 48 minutes of being read to, the Kaiser Family Foundation concludes in a study released Wednesday.

The number of youngsters glued to the screen has not changed much since the foundation's first report on the topic in 2003.

In this follow-up, however, Kaiser asked parents — in a survey and in focus-group sessions -why they and their children use TV and other electronic media the way they do.

"I had this sense of kids clamouring to use media and parents trying to keep their finger in the dam," lead researcher Victoria Rideout said. "I found that not to be a very accurate picture in most cases."

Instead, a generation of parents raised on TV is largely encouraging the early use of television, video games and computers by their own children, often starting in infancy.

These parents say TV teaches how to share and the ABCs when they do not have the time. Television provides time for parents to cook or take a shower. They use screen time as a reward or, paradoxically, to help kids wind down at bedtime.

"There's this enthusiasm and tremendous lack of concern" about media use, Ms. Rideout said.

"It's just background noise," said one Colorado woman who has a preschooler and who keeps the TV on most of the day. The study did not identify people in the focus group by name.

Where some parents limited scary shows or video games, others found youngsters unfazed.

"It's something gory, but it doesn't seem to bother her," said a California mother whose toddler joined her on the couch for CSI: Crime Scene Investigation.

Despite studies that link bedroom TVs to kids' sleep problems, the most common reason cited for giving children their own set was that it freed up other TVs so parents or their other children could watch their shows.

The report by the California-based foundation, which analyzes health-care issues, comes at a time of great debate about the impact of TV and other multimedia on youngsters. Just last week, specialists called together by the National Institutes of Health urged more research on how electronic media affect children at different ages.

Those specialists sigh at the notion that parents could not get by without TV.

"People have made dinner for millenia, but we've only had television for 50 years," said Dr. Dimitri Christakas of the University of Washington. "Television's not inherently good or bad. ... The real goal now has to be not to de-technologize childhood, but how to optimize children's experiences" with it.

The pediatrics group recommends no TV or other electronic media for kids younger than two — advice that only 26 per cent of parents followed, Kaiser found — and no more than two hours of total "screen time" daily for older children.

The organization is not anti-TV, said Dr. Daniel Broughton of the Mayo Clinic, an academy member who co-wrote the recommendations. But before the age of two is time of the brain's most rapid development, and interaction — the live give-and-take that TV cannot provide — is crucial during that period, he said.

Some studies also link TV watching at younger ages to attention disorders.

After a child reaches two, the idea is to balance a little TV with riding bikes, playing with friends, household chores and the other activities of childhood, Dr. Broughton said.

"We want parents to watch with their kids," he added. One reason is that viewing ethnic stereotypes or bad behaviour on TV can become instructive if parents explain why children should not copy what they saw.

In addition to the focus groups, the Kaiser report is based on results of a random telephone survey last fall of 1,051 parents of children six months to six years. The margin of error is plus or minus 3 percentage points.

• Kids and TV
  A look at how children under the age of six use television and other electronic media:
• In a typical day, 83 per cent use either TV, computer or video games for about two hours.
• Television use is by far the most common, watched by 75 per cent of those youngsters. One-third watch videos or DVDs, 16 per cent use the computer and 11 per cent play video games.
• Media use increases with age: 61 per cent of babies one year or younger watch TV, while 90 per cent of four-to-6-year-olds have daily 'screen time.'
• 32 per cent live in homes where the TV is on all or most of the time.
• Asked about effects on learning, 38 per cent of parents said TV mostly helps, and 69 per cent said computers mostly help.
• 15 per cent of parents say their pediatrician has never discussed their child's media use with them.
• One-third of parents reported that their child had a TV in their bedroom: 19 per cent of children one year old or younger; 29 per cent of 2-to-3-year-olds and 43 per cent of 4-to-6-year-olds. Only 5 per cent have a computer in the bedroom. Associated Press

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  Source: Kaiser Family Foundation study 'Electronic Media in the Lives of Infants, Toddlers, Preschoolers and their Parents'