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The holiday season brings festive parties, family gatherings -- and a deluge of spam.

Unsolicited messages, or spam, which account for nine out of 10 e-mails, fill up the inboxes of computer users more than ever at this time of year, experts say.

"Every year, we see a seasonal increase around the holiday season. It's just worse than it's ever been before this year," said Daniel Druker, executive vice-president of marketing at Postini Inc., a San Carlos, Calif.-based company that provides message security services.

Spammers spew out millions of e-mails. Some hawk pharmaceuticals and sexual aids, others offer hot stock tips. The unscrupulous commit identity theft by luring recipients into disclosing personal information, while others commit fraud with the lure of phony offers.

The glut of spam can clog business communications systems to the extent that e-mails at the workplace can be held up for hours, if not days, experts say.

"The threat of this is that e-mail becomes no longer productive as a tool, and that is scary because e-mail is ubiquitous. Most businesses could no longer run without it," Mr. Druker said.

Spam cost an estimated $17-billion (U.S.) in the United States last year in lost productivity and the expense of measures to fight it, according to San Francisco-based Ferris Research. Worldwide, the cost was estimated at $50-billion.

Around the holidays, spammers take advantage as people shop online , experts say.

"You see a big increase around the holidays of messages where they are trying to fool you into buying things or trick you into providing your ID," said Jerry Upton, executive director of San Francisco-based Messaging Anti-Abuse Working Group. "People are busy and I think the abusers take advantage of that."

The amount of spam has exploded, experts say, as spammers have adopted new tricks. Postini's research found a record 93 per cent of e-mail was spam from September through November.

"The spammers are definitely winning at this point. It's gotten much worse," said Gerald Thain, a professor of consumer law at the University of Wisconsin-Madison who specializes in e-mail issues.

One of the newest dodges is sending spam in the form of an image rather than text, allowing it to get past filters that trap spam by hunting down specific words.

So-called image e-mails account for about 30 per cent of junk e-mails, compared with just 2 per cent in 2005, Postini estimates.

"Pump and dump" e-mails urge recipients to buy certain stocks, while in other schemes spammers hijack other computers -- turning them into what pros call zombies -- to deliver their messages.

"We recently saw 400,000 new zombies coming online every day," said Atri Chatterjee, senior vice-president of marketing at Secure Computing Corp. in Alpharetta, Ga. "What you have is a very aggressive use of innocent computers."

Not only has the amount of spam ballooned, but its nature has changed, Mr. Druker said. "First it was hackers trying to show off how smart they were. Then it shifted to annoying marketers. Now a large percentage of this stuff is coming from criminal networks who are out to steal your money."