Pakistan is flooding. People are dying and being displaced. Food aid distribution is lagging.
But can they make phone calls?
An unusual question, perhaps. But a crucial one, nonetheless.
You see, the United Nations has a division -- the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) -- that is responsible for rushing into disaster zones to help resurrect vital telecom infrastructure that has been destroyed. Why is that important?
We're not talking about allowing people to engage in idle gossip at steep monthly rates.
We're talking about cellphone towers losing electricity or falling into crevices, about shifting tectonic plates rupturing fixed-line phone service, about rooftop antennas in crowded urban areas collapsing into rubble, about flood waters shutting down power generators to various parts of a mobile network.
Without any of this, government agencies can't distribute all the aid your donations have provided, can't co-ordinate with humanitarian agencies to figure out where the need for medical services is the greatest and can't, in short, respond to the crisis properly.
For citizens, it's even more frightening. During the Haiti earthquake, as with many disasters, family members didn't know whether their loved ones were alive. People were texting SOS messages from beneath the rubble -- and having their text messages join a long queue created by the strained wireless networks (a data backlog situation that also happened, if you recall, when Sidney Crosby scored his momentous goal for Team Canada). That's why there's other groups, as well, such as Télécoms Sans Frontières.
On Monday, shortly after the ITU sent out an appeal for funds, I spoke to Cosmas Zavazava, who heads the emergency telecom division at the ITU, among other duties there. I last spoke to him during the devastating Haiti earthquake. Here is an edited version of our talk.
How do disasters affect the telecommunications network?
Generally, no matter what kind of a disaster it is, whether it is an earthquake or floods or typhoons or hurricanes, telecommunications are quite vulnerable -- particularly, terrestrial telecommunications networks. And they are either destroyed or disrupted when emergencies or disasters strike. The case of Pakistan is not unusual. There is a lot of flooding going on throughout the country and it affects: One, the rural communities that are probably not connected, they don’t have access; second, is that infrastructure, especially where it is terrestrial, water can destroy that infrastructure. You can have antenna masts that are hit by the floods and fall. Water can get into the cables and the telecommunications fail. There are many aspects. You can also have power supplies get knocked down, and you cannot use the telecommunications systems.
What we do is try and use alternative systems -- as is the case in Pakistan, (we're going to) use satellite communications systems which are easy to deploy and can be used to co-ordinate humanitarian activities such as the supply of food and medicine, and also to provide such services like telemedicine for the injured.
A woman displaced by floods in Pakistan carries her son at a health centre in Muzaffargarh on Aug. 21.
How much has the ITU spent on Pakistan so far?
We have got a standby fund. We have the ITU framework for co-operation in emergencies, which is a global initiative with three pillars: One is the technology pillar, which brings together all the technology companies that give us in-kind contributions in terms of telecommunications systems, like geographical information systems (GIS), satellite communications system, Wi-Max, and some base stations -- which are a deployable CDMA mobile bay station, which you can just transport in to get people connected. We will also have various other kinds of communication systems like GIS and so forth. We will bring together
The second pillar is called the finance cluster, which deals with financial resource mobilization, so we created a standby fund which is there and used when emergencies strike. It’s worth millions of dollars. From time to time, the ITU injects money, for example, immediately after the earthquake struck in Haiti the organization pumped in about $1-million (U.S.) into the fund. We use it to carry out, for example, first-response equipment, to train people on the ground, to carry out assessments to see where the damage is.
