People check bodies of migrants that were drowned as they were trying to reach Greece, at a port near Izmir, Turkey, Thursday, Jan. 21, 2016. Turkey's coast guard says 12 migrants have drowned after a boat taking them to the Greek islands capsized in rough weather. About 40 migrants have died so far this year off Turkey's coast while trying to cross into Greece, the coast guard says.The Associated Press
The death toll in Europe's migration crisis rose Friday when two overcrowded smuggling boats foundered off Greece and at least 46 people drowned — more than a third of them children — as European officials remained deeply divided on how to handle the influx.
More than 70 people survived, and a large air and sea search-and-rescue effort was underway off the eastern islet of Kalolimnos, the site of the worst accident. It was unclear how many people were aboard the wooden sailboat that sank there in deep water, leaving at least 35 dead.
Coast guard divers were due to descend to the sunken wreck early Saturday, amid fears that more people had been trapped below deck.
At least 800 people have died or vanished in the Aegean Sea since the start of 2015, as a record of more than 1 million refugees and economic migrants entered Europe. About 85 per cent of them crossed to the Greek islands from nearby Turkey, paying large sums to smuggling gangs for berths in unseaworthy boats.
Rights groups said the deaths highlight the need for Europe to provide those desperate to reach the prosperous continent's shores with a better alternative to smuggling boats.
European policy toward its worst immigration crisis since World War II has diverged wildly so far. Germany — where most are heading — has welcomed those it considers refugees. Other countries, led by Hungary, have blocked or restricted them from entering and resisted plans to share the burden of refugees.
"These deaths highlight both the heartlessness and the futility of the growing chorus demanding greater restrictions on refugee access to Europe," said John Dalhuisen, Amnesty International's Europe and Central Asia program director.
"A manageable crisis has become a moral test that Europe is in danger of failing dismally," he said.
The U.N. refugee agency said daily arrivals on the Greek islands have surged to more than 3,000 in the past two days, and it cited refugee testimony that smugglers have recently halved their rates amid deteriorating weather conditions.
"It is tragic that refugees, including families with young children, feel compelled to entrust their lives to unscrupulous smugglers in view of lack of safe and legal ways for refugees to find protection," said Philippe Leclerc of UNHCR Greece.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel met Turkish Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu in Berlin and pledged to continue to work intensively together not only to stem the flow of people but to improve conditions in camps in Turkey and to try to bring about a peace deal in Syria.
"The refugee crisis is not Germany's crisis, it is not Europe's crisis, it is not Turkey's crisis," Davutoglu said in a news conference with Merkel. "It is a crisis that was born out of the crisis in Syria. If we co-operate, we can bring this crisis under control. If we throw the issue at each other, solving this issue will become more difficult."
Germany saw an unprecedented 1.1 million asylum-seekers arrive last year, many of them fleeing conflicts in Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan.
Turkey hosts more than 2.2 million Syrian refugees from a nearly five-year civil war that has killed a quarter of a million people and displaced half the country. Peace talks are scheduled to begin Sunday in Geneva, although officials say they might be delayed by a few days.
Davutoglu praised Merkel for her open-door stance, saying the steps she took "will go down in history. The people of Syria will never forget this humanitarian stance."
European Union foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini warned that the 28-nation bloc faces big economic risks if its members start putting up walls that restrict borderless travel.
"We are doing studies of that, and it is impressive," she said, speaking at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.
But Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban, who last year built fences on his nation's borders with Serbia and Croatia, praised Austria for setting a cap this week on the numbers of refugees it will take.
"Common sense has prevailed," Orban said on state radio, calling the Austrian decision "the most important news of the past months."
"Europe can't take in huge masses of foreign people in an unlimited, uncontrolled manner," he said, adding that for Hungary, "the best migrant is the migrant who does not come."
Greek authorities say neighbouring Macedonia has again stopped letting in refugees heading north from Greece, leaving about 750 people stranded on the border. There was no official explanation for the move late Friday, and Macedonian authorities were not immediately available for comment.
In the first sinking before dawn Friday in the eastern Aegean, a wooden boat carrying 49 people went down off Farmakonissi islet. Forty people managed to make it to shore, while authorities rescued one girl and recovered the bodies of six children and two women.
A few hours later, a sailboat sank off Kalolimnos, south of Farmakonissi. The coast guard rescued 22 men and four women, and recovered 35 bodies: 17 women, seven men and 11 children.
One survivor told The Associated Press that the vessel's engine failed about 3 a.m., five hours after they left Izmir, Turkey. Speaking at a reception centre on the nearby island of Kalymnos, he said about 80 people on board had paid $2,500 each for a berth, with half that sum for children.
Later, Turkey's state-run Anadolu news agency said the Turkish coast guard rescued six survivors from the area of the two accidents and found another three bodies.