A police officer stands guard outside the venue of the G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors meeting in Busan, South Korea, on Thursday. Finance ministers and central bankers from the Group of 20 are meeting Friday and Saturday.NICKY LOH
The world's top nations will back general principles rather than a specific tax to make banks pay for their own bailouts in future, finance ministers and diplomats said on Thursday.
The Group of 20 has pledged a string of reforms to financial regulation to avert a rerun of the worst financial crisis since the 1930s that forced governments to use trillions of dollars of taxpayer cash to shore up banks.
G20 finance ministers and central bankers meet in the South Korean port city of Busan on Friday and Saturday to find consensus for their leaders to endorse at a summit in Toronto later this month.
Some officials are already playing down the chances of a uniform tax on banks, raising doubts about the G20's ability to agree on tricky issues.
"I don't think we're on the verge of a global consensus on bank levy yet," U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said in Seoul.
There was support in Europe and the United States for a levy "but there's not universal support for that across the G20, at least at this stage. And I don't think that's going to change in Korea," Mr. Geithner said.
The International Monetary Fund proposed two bank taxes in April but G20 asked it to refine its ideas after opposition from some countries, such as Canada.
Canadian Finance Minister Jim Flaherty said in Beijing on Thursday that G20 nations needed to "keep our eye on the ball" in reforming the financial sector, focus on capital requirements and steer clear of a global bank levy.
Canada and Brazil say their banks needed no bailouts during the financial crisis triggered by a meltdown in U.S. subprime mortgage market in August, 2007, so there was no need for a levy either.
Japan believes its national deposit insurance scheme is an alternative to a bank tax. Canada is seeking support for using contingent capital at banks to protect taxpayers from bailouts.
Speaking in London, Prime Minister Stephen Harper said different countries might end up going their separate ways on the issue of a bank levy.
"Every country always has the option of pursuing its own policies for its own financial sector. That is an option that exists for Britain and for all of us," Mr. Harper said, after meeting the UK's David Cameron, who indicated that Britain might impose a levy along with other like-minded countries.
A G20 source said the meeting will ask the Financial Stability Board (FSB), tasked by the group to implement its reform pledges, to consider additional measures to improve transparency in the $615-trillion off-exchange derivatives sector, hedge funds and credit rating agencies.
The FSB, made up of G20 regulators, central bankers and treasury officials, may come up with some proposals in time for the Toronto summit, the source added.
The Busan meeting will also urge speedy agreement on new rules to beef up bank capital, the source said.
Diplomats said ministers will also try to thrash out an agreement ahead of the Toronto summit on how to tackle "too big to fail" banks.
Policy makers want to make it easy and quick to wind up an ailing bank so that it does not destabilize the broader financial system as seen with the crash of Lehman Brothers in 2008.
But as with the levy, the G20 is expected to end up endorsing general principles rather than a uniform set of remedies.
As the G20 gives its members plenty of wiggle room over bank levies and too big to fail remedies, there is more unity over forcing banks to hold more capital and liquidity to withstand market shocks, but timing is under pressure.
The Basel Committee of global regulators and central bankers is finalizing the new rules for endorsement at the G20 summit in Seoul in November.
The G20 has agreed that banks must comply with the new rules by the end of 2012 but this deadline may be pushed back after the sector complained it may be too tight.
"It is perfectly reasonable to use transition periods to make it easier for countries to adjust to what we believe should be substantially a more demanding, more ambitious set of constraints on leverage," Mr. Geithner said.
Tougher bank trading book capital rules were due in January but are delayed, casting further doubt over the G20's resolve.
And a G20 pledge to create a single set of global accounting rules by mid-2011 was effectively killed on Wednesday when two leading accounting standards boards said they could not reach common ground on all their rules by then.