It may be tempting to view Vladimir Putin’s drive to reassert state control over Russia’s energy sector as comeuppance for the oligarchs who benefited from the looting of the country’s natural resources in the 1990s. But restructuring the industry around two national champions, Gazprom and Rosneft, is ultimately bad for competition. International oil companies may benefit from greater opportunities to bring their expertise to Russia, but investors ogling opportunities in the shifting landscape should apply a hefty Kremlin discount.