U.S. retail sales fell by the most in more than a year in February and the coronavirus pandemic is expected to depress sales in the months ahead, which could strengthen economists’ expectations of a consumer-led recession by the second quarter.
The report from the Commerce Department on Tuesday showing a broad decline in sales came on the heels of the Federal Reserve’s move on Sunday to slash interest rates to near zero, pledge hundreds of billions of dollars in asset purchases and backstop foreign authorities with the offer of cheap dollar financing. Fed chair Jerome Powell said the epidemic was having a “profound” impact on the economy.
The coronavirus outbreak has forced millions of Americans to hunker down in their homes instead of commuting to work or school. State and local governments have escalated “social distancing” policies, closing schools, bars, restaurants and theaters in an attempt to contain the spread of the virus.
“Disruptions from the coronavirus will bring the economy’s main engine to a halt,” said Lydia Boussour, a senior U.S. economist at Oxford Economics in New York. “As the virus keeps consumers at home and panic spreads, discretionary spending and ’social consumption’ will take a significant hit.”
Retail sales dropped 0.5 per cent last month, the biggest decline since December, 2018. Data for January was revised higher to show retail sales accelerating 0.6 per cent instead of rising 0.3 per cent as previously reported. Economists polled by Reuters had forecast retail sales climbing 0.2 per cent in February.
Compared with February last year, retail sales increased 4.3 per cent. Excluding automobiles, gasoline, building materials and food services retail sales were unchanged last month after increasing by an upwardly revised 0.4 per cent in January. These so-called core retail sales correspond most closely with the consumer spending component of gross domestic product. They were previously reported to have been unchanged in January.
The coronavirus, which causes an illness called COVID-19, has killed more than 6,600 people and sickened about 174,000 across the world, according to a Reuters tally. Health experts, however, say the casualties are much higher given that testing is not readily available in many countries, including the United States. The virus has crippled the transportation, leisure and hospitality industries, as well as the manufacturing sector.
A survey from the New York Fed on Monday showed a record plunge in factory activity in New York state in March to levels last seen in 2009. The weakness in manufacturing was underscored by a separate report from the Fed on Tuesday showing output at factories barely growing in February.
The sector, which accounts for about 11 per cent of the economy, is also being hamstrung by problems at Boeing related to its grounded 737 Max plane and an oil price war between Russia and Saudi Arabia, which has weighed on crude prices and hurt American producers.
The U.S. Senate was on Tuesday considering a multibillion-dollar emergency spending bill passed by the House of Representatives offering economic relief from the virus as the Trump administration pressed for US$850-billion more.
The hopes of a fiscal stimulus and Fed actions to bolster the commercial paper market boosted stocks on Wall Street after they suffered their biggest drop since the 1987 crash. The dollar rallied against a basket of currencies, while U.S. Treasury prices fell.
BROAD WEAKNESS
Goldman Sachs on Sunday cut its first-quarter gross domestic product forecast to zero from a 0.7 per cent annualized rate. The investment bank also expects GDP to contract at a 5.0 per cent rate in the second quarter. Economists expect the economy to sink into recession by the second quarter. The economy grew 2.3 per cent in 2019.
“The outlook for all of 2020 has darkened substantially, however, as it is increasingly likely that a short and sharp recession will occur in the middle of the year,” said Ben Ayers, senior economist at Nationwide in Columbus, Ohio.
In February, auto sales decreased 0.9 per cent after rising 0.8 per cent in January. Receipts at service stations tumbled 2.8 per cent, reflecting cheaper gasoline. Sales at electronics and appliance stores declined 1.4 per cent.
Sales at building material stores plunged 1.3 per cent, after being boosted in recent months by unseasonably mild temperatures.
Receipts at clothing stores fell 1.2 per cent last month. Online and mail-order retail sales rose 0.7 per cent. That followed a 0.2 per cent gain in January. Receipts at furniture stores slipped 0.4 per cent.
Grocery and healthcare stores sales fell marginally. There was panic buying in late February, which saw shelves at supermarkets, pharmacies and other establishments cleaned out of household essentials, including food and toilet paper.
Sales at restaurants and bars dropped 0.5 per cent, and economists expect sharp declines in the months ahead. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended cancellation of gatherings of 50 or more over the next eight weeks in an effort to control the rapidly spreading disease.
Some state and local governments such as California and Washington have closed restaurants and bars. The virus has shut down sporting events and concerts.
In February, spending at sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument and book stores edged up 0.1 per cent.
“Second-quarter growth could be sharply negative,” said Joel Naroff, chief economist at Naroff Economics in Holland, Pennsylvania. “We will not shake the downturn until people can get back out to live their lives more normally.”