Customers exit a J.C. Penney Co. store in the Queens borough of New York, U.S., on Tuesday, Feb. 26, 2013.Victor J. Blue/Bloomberg
J.C. Penney Co. Inc. is in a surprising position more than four years after it was almost run aground by a former chief executive officer: It could be the last department store standing at many U.S. malls.
As rivals retrench, J.C. Penney is adding new merchandise, exclusive partnerships and services to draw shoppers to its more than 1,000 stores. Sears has closed stores amid $9-billion (U.S.) in losses in recent years and Macy's said this month it would shutter 100 in as-yet unidentified locations – an act likely to leave J.C. Penney as the main anchor in some malls.
"When I joined the company, my first thought was, 'Man, we've got a lot of stores to close,'" Marvin Ellison, who became president in 2014 and CEO last August, said in an interview. "It was the opposite." Some of J.C. Penney's most profitable locations turned out to be small stores in rural areas where the retailer pays almost no rent; two California stores opening this year will be completely funded by the landlord. Mr. Ellison's focus on mall negotiations, coupled with the changes in merchandising, are helping to move the retailer beyond $1-billion in EBITDA this year for the first time since fiscal 2012. Its stock surged 49.7 per cent this year through Thursday, compared with 12.2 per cent for Macy's Inc. and a 31.6-per-cent decline at Sears Holdings Corp.
Today J.C. Penney has fewer than 10 stores that aren't making money, Mr. Ellison said. The Plano, Tex.-based company's fiscal second-quarter net loss was smaller than analysts predicted, and it has outlined a path back to profitability even without achieving the $18-billion in sales it last hit in 2009. Comparable-store sales – a key industry metric – rose 2.2 per cent last quarter.
"They have really unique opportunity, given there's a strong employee commitment to service and a customer focus," said Oliver Chen, an analyst at Cowen and Co. "They have to prove it to everybody that their strategy will yield comparable store sales in an environment that's seen lots of volatility."
Mr. Ellison, a former Home Depot Inc. executive, succeeded Mike Ullman, who had returned as CEO after Ron Johnson's disastrous run ended in 2013. Mr. Ullman had tossed much of Mr. Johnson's strategy and stabilized the chain's finances through loans and stock offerings. That set the stage for Mr. Ellison to focus on improving customer service, selling more private brands and revamping online operations.
While the turnaround isn't complete – at about $10, its shares are far below a 2007 peak near $86 – the company is strong enough to take advantage as rivals pull back. When a Sears or Macy's closes, J.C. Penney uses direct mail in the zip code to convert those customers. "You make sure you invite them in," said Mr. Ellison.
The bad news keep coming at Sears, which reported a $395-million loss Thursday. Through April, Sears had closed 18 per cent of its stores since 2006, compared with 6 per cent for Macy's and just 2 per cent for J.C. Penney, according to Green Street Advisors, a real estate research firm.
J.C. Penney has spent a lot of time identifying its customer. With a heavy emphasis on testing first, the retailer plans to focus on beauty, home goods and special sizes to achieve these goals, along with investments in customer service and online capabilities.
"They're putting their eggs in reliable baskets in beauty and home," Cowen's Mr. Chen said.
About 70 per cent of J.C. Penney's shoppers are women, and the retailer is working to attract a younger, more diverse set of moms. More than half its revenue comes from shoppers who are, on average, 60-year-old women with incomes above the U.S. median. Most of the rest comes from mothers who average 33 years of age and are more reflective of U.S. cultural demographics.
J.C. Penney is using beauty products to help draw the latter group – technologically savvy women looking for value in both their time and money. The retailer has a 5 per cent market share in prestige cosmetics, chief merchant John Tighe said. That's due in large part to the 574 Sephora stores open inside J.C. Penney locations. There are plans to expand that partnership even to smaller sites.
To encourage shoppers drawn in by Sephora to explore, the company collaborated with beauty magazine InStyle to rebrand 120 of its 850 beauty shops as Salon by InStyle. Sales have increased 720 basis points from last year at the revamped salons.
Mr. Ellison wants the retailer to be the go-to destination for women shopping for homes. The chain is introducing 500 appliance showrooms , selling brands like LG and Samsung. The retailer has cleared as much as 4,800 square feet for appliances – items that bring in 8 times more in gross profit dollars than the goods they replace, Mr. Ellison said.
In all this, stores are a key component. Half of online sales go through stores, whether items are picked up or returned there, shipped or ordered by an associate to a shopper's home. Expanding its home goods and beauty offerings is part of Mr. Ellison's efforts to make the stores a draw, a concept the company refers to as "retail-tainment."
That idea "could speak to how the J.C. Penney of the future could be an important destination," Mr. Chen said.