Traders work on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) on Sept. 27.BRENDAN MCDERMID/Reuters
Investors are betting that the feedback loop between U.S. stocks and bonds will likely be a key factor in determining whether the gyrations that have rocked markets this year continue into the last months of 2022.
Both assets have seen painful sell-offs, with the S&P 500 down nearly 24 per cent year-to-date and the ICE BofA Treasury Index down around 13 per cent. The twin declines are the worst since 1938, according to BoFA Global Research.
Yet many investors say bonds have led the dance, as yields soared to account for the Federal Reserve’s drastic monetary tightening, playing havoc with stock valuations while raising the cost of borrowing for customers and companies.
Equity valuations have cratered as yields have risen, with the S&P 500′s forward price-to-earnings ratio falling from 20 in April to a current level of 16.1. The yield on the benchmark 10-year U.S. Treasury is up around 140 points in that period.
“Interest rates are at the core of every asset in the universe, and we won’t have a positive repricing in equities until the uncertainty of where the terminal rate will settle is clear,” said Charlie McElligott, managing director of cross-asset strategy at Nomura.
Volatility in U.S. bonds has erupted in 2022, with this week’s Treasury yield gyrations taking the ICE BofAML U.S. Bond Market Option Volatility Estimate Index to its highest level since March, 2020. By contrast, the CBOE Volatility Index - the so-called Wall Street “fear gauge” - has failed to scale its peak from earlier this year.
“We have emphasized ... that interest rate volatility has been (and continues to be) the main driver of cross-asset volatility. Nevertheless, even we continue to watch the rates volatility complex with incredulity,” analysts at Société Générale wrote.
Many investors believe the wild moves will continue until there is evidence that the Fed is winning its battle against inflation, allowing policy makers to eventually end monetary tightening. For now, more hawkishness is on the menu.
Investors are now pricing in a 62-per-cent chance that the U.S. central bank hikes rates by 75 basis point at its Nov. 2 meeting, up from a 0-per-cent chance one month ago, according to CME’s FedWatch tool. Markets see rates hitting a peak of 4.5 per cent in July, 2023, up from 4 per cent a month ago.
Next week’s U.S. employment data will give investors a snapshot of whether the Fed’s rate hikes are starting to dent growth. Investors are also looking to earnings season, which starts in October, as they gauge to what degree a strong dollar and supply chain snafus will effect companies’ profits.
For now, investor sentiment is largely negative, with cash levels among fund managers near historic highs as many increasingly choose to sit out the market swings. Retail investors sold a net US$2.9-billion of equities in the past week, the second largest outflow since March, 2020, data from JPMorgan showed on Wednesday.
Still, some investors believe a turnaround in stocks and bonds may soon come into view.
The deep declines in both asset classes make either an attractive investment given the likelihood of longer-term returns, said Adam Hetts, global head of portfolio construction and strategy at Janus Henderson Investors.
“We’ve been in a world where nothing was working. Most of that agony is over, we think,” he said.
JPMorgan’s analysts, meanwhile, said that while a “bull market in equities could require a bull market in bonds,” high cash allocations may provide a backstop for both equities and bonds, likely limiting future downside.
At the same time, the fourth quarter is historically the best period for returns for major U.S. stock indexes, with the S&P 500 averaging a 4.2-per-cent gain since 1949, according to the Stock Trader’s Almanac.
Of course, dip buying has fared poorly this year. The S&P 500 has mounted four rallies of 6 per cent or more this year, with each rebound sputtering out to be followed by fresh bear market lows.
Equities may have further to fall than bonds given the high likelihood of a recession in 2023, said Keith Lerner, co-chief investment officer and chief market strategist at Truist Advisory Services.
“We think the upside for equities will be capped because there will be more earnings pain and more central bank tightening,” he said.
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