In this Sunday, Nov. 30, 2014, file photo tourists look out at the ruins of the Karnak Temple in Luxor, Egypt. Egyptian officials say a suicide bomber has blown himself up at the ancient temple of Karnak in Luxor, a southern city frequented by millions of foreign and Egyptian tourists every year.Hassan Ammar/The Associated Press
A suicide bomber blew himself up Wednesday close to the ancient pharaonic temple of Karnak in southern Egypt, a site visited by millions of tourists every year, the government said. No tourists were killed or hurt in the attack and the Nile-side monument sustained no damage.
The attack was the second this month near a major tourist attraction in Egypt, marking and a shift in tactics in a campaign of violence waged by Islamic militants against the government of President Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi. The attacks suggest extremists are shifting from their focus on shootings and bombings against security forces to targeting Egypt's vital tourism industry.
A sustained campaign would threaten to wreck an industry that has long been a main revenue earner for Egypt and is only just beginning to recover from the country's turmoil since 2011. On June 3, gunmen on a motorcycle opened fire outside the famed Giza Pyramids on the outskirts of Cairo, killing two police officers.
In Wednesday's violence in the southern city of Luxor, officials said security at Karnak thwarted what would have been a worse attack, by preventing the suicide bomber from entering the temple complex and battling two gunmen who were with him, killing one and capturing the other.
Karnak is one of Egypt's biggest tourist draws, a giant complex of temples, colossal statues, obelisks and massive columns built by a succession of pharaonic dynasties. The oldest sections date back nearly 4,000 years.
Mohammed Sayed Badr, the governor of Luxor province, told The Associated Press that the attack was "an attempt to break into the temple of Karnak."
"They didn't make it in," he said.
Badr said three men carrying bags got out of a car in the temple's parking lot, which immediately made the police suspicious. One of the three began running when police ordered them to stop, so the police fired at him and an explosive belt he was wearing blew up. The Tourism Ministry said in a statement that the man detonated his "explosive device," killing himself instantly.
A second man had a gun and started shooting at the police before he was shot and killed. The third attacker was wounded in the shootout and arrested, Badr said.
Four others were wounded in the exchange of fire, including two policemen and a staffer at the site, according to the Interior Ministry, which is in charge of police.
Badr said the nationalities of the three attackers have yet to be determined.
There were only a handful of tourists and Egyptians inside the temple at the time of the attack, security officials said, speaking on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak to the media.
The blast scattered debris across much of the temple's parking lot. Hundreds of onlookers and workers from a line of stores just outside the temple gathered after the attack as ambulance cars rushed to the scene. An AP video shot at the scene showed what is believed to be the remains of the suicide bomber covered with a black plastic sheet with pools of blood nearby.
Tourism Minister Khaled Ramy said he expects the industry's slow recovery to continue despite the attack. "Security forces were there. It's a very important message to everyone," he told The Associated Press on a flight from Cairo to Luxor.
After meeting with the interior minister and the prime minister, el-Sissi praised the police performance and called for beefing up security at tourist sites.
The director of the Karnak temple, Mohammed Abdel-Aziz, said the monument sustained no damage. "Temple is safe and unaffected and visitors continue to arrive," he told the AP.
Four groups of foreign tourists visited the temple after the attack, according to Mohammed Othman, deputy director of the local association of tour operators.
There was no immediate claim of responsibility for Wednesday attacks, but it bore the hallmarks of Islamic militants who have been battling security forces in the strategic Sinai Peninsula.
Last year, the main Sinai-based insurgent group, Ansar Beit al-Maqdis, pledged allegiance to the Islamic State group, which has destroyed famed archaeological sites in Syria and Iraq, viewing them as idolatrous.
The campaign of violence in Sinai accelerated and spread to other parts of Egypt following the 2013 military overthrow of Islamist President Mohammed Morsi. The militants say the attacks are in revenge for a massive crackdown on Islamists underway in Egypt.
Militant attacks the past two years have largely targeted police and soldiers. But the Karnak and Giza Pyramids attacks raise the prospect that the extremists are turning now to the tourism industry.
That would recall the 1990s, when Islamic militant insurgents battling the government intentionally targeted tourism in a bid to undermine the economy. The deadliest and most notorious of their attacks came in Luxor in November 1997, when militants attacked tourists at the 3,400-year-old Hatshepsut Temple, killing 58.
Tourism is the lifeblood of Luxor, home to some of Egypt's most famous ancient temples and pharaonic tombs, including that of King Tutankhamun. The city has been one the sites hardest hit by the sharp downturn in foreign visitors in the four years since Egypt's 2011 uprising that ousted autocrat Hosni Mubarak.
Before the turmoil, tourism accounted for as much as 20 per cent of Egypt's foreign currency revenues, with as a high of 14.7 million tourists in 2010.
After the 2011 uprising, those numbers plunged to 9.6 million, and then fell somewhat lower in 2013 after Morsi's ouster. Tourists have slowly been coming back — officials say tourism revenues jumped to $4 billion in the first half of this year, compared to $1.9 billion in the same period last year.
But the salvation for Egypt's tourism has been beach resorts in southern Sinai and along the Red Sea coast, drawing the bulk of visitors. "Cultural tourism" sites like Luxor have seen only a trickle.
Wednesday's attack is likely to result in cancellations in bookings for Luxor — though the blow is cushioned by the fact that it is now low season there. Summer temperatures above 40 degrees Celsius (104 Fahrenheit) force most tourists to stay away until October.
Three major German operators, TUI Deutschland, the Germany branch of Thomas Cook and L'TUR, said they are temporarily cancelling excursions to Luxor but stressing that most of their customers are at Red Sea resorts or on Nile cruises.
"We have no reason to advise against travelling to Egypt at the present time, since the German Foreign Ministry hasn't changed its security guidance," said L'TUR spokesman Thomas Pluennecke. "But, as a precaution, we have stopped all excursions to Luxor. Of course we take the situation seriously."
The Association of British Travel Agents said it was consulting with its members and the Foreign Office "to assess the impact" of the attack.
About 250,000 Britons travel to Egypt each year, most visiting Sharm el Sheikh and other Red Sea resorts.