Danielle Smith’s United Conservative Party won a majority victory in Alberta’s election Monday and immediately rekindled her feud with Ottawa, attacking the Prime Minister for environmental policies that she warned would decimate the province’s economy.

The election result was the culmination of a polarizing campaign that will leave Ms. Smith in charge of a diminished caucus and a province sharply divided between rural and urban communities. The UCP lost several prominent cabinet ministers in Calgary but held onto power despite a campaign that was overshadowed by her own past comments, as well as complaints that she steered the party too far to the right.

In a victory speech just before midnight, Ms. Smith fired shots at Mr. Trudeau, a tactic popular with her right-leaning supporters that she used to secure the leadership of the UCP last year. It was also frequently employed by her predecessor, Jason Kenney.