European Commissioner for Competition Joaquin Almunia addresses the media at the European Commission headquarters in Brussels, Wednesday, Nov. 28, 2012. The European Commission approved the restructuring plans of Spanish banks BFA/Bankia, NCG Banco, Catalunya Banc and Banco de Valencia.Yves Logghe/The Associated Press
Spain's four nationalized banks will more than halve their balance sheets in five years, slash jobs and impose hefty losses on bondholders, under plans approved by the European Commission on Wednesday.
The measures open the door for nearly €40-billion ($52-billion U.S.) in euro zone bailout funds for the state-rescued banks, offering hope for an end to Spain's banking crisis which has pushed the country to the brink of asking for sovereign aid.
The approval sets in place one of the most far-reaching overhauls of any European banking system ordered by the Commission since the start of a banking crisis in mid-2007 with the near collapse of G
"Our objective is to restore the viability of banks receiving aid so that they are able to function without public support in the future," said European Union Competition Commissioner Joaquin Almunia said.
Bankia, NCG Banco, Catalunya Banc and Banco de Valencia were taken over by the Spanish state after unsustainable lending during the country's decade-long property boom left the lenders dangerously short of capital.
The smallest of the four banks, Banco de Valencia, will be sold to one of Spain's healthiest lenders Caixabank, while the other three banks must cut their balance sheets by more than 60 per cent over the next five years.
It was cheaper to sell Banco de Valencia under a loss protection scheme than to wind it down, the Commission said. Spain will sell NCG Banco and Catalunya Banc within 5 years or liquidate them.
Almunia said the nationalized banks would have to close up to half their branches during the five-year overhaul process.
The biggest of the banks, Bankia, said it would lay off over a quarter of its work force amounting to over 6,000 staff, reduce its branch network by around 39 per cent and aim to return to profitability by 2013.
Bankia, formed from the merger of seven savings banks in 2010, said holders of hybrid debt would contribute up to €4.8-billion to the recapitalization, through losses incurred by swapping their holdings for shares.
The European Commission said the cost to hybrid and subordinated bondholders in the restructuring of the nationalized banks will come to about €10-billion.
Many hybrid debt holders at the nationalized banks are retail customers who say they were conned into buying complex financial instruments that buoyed banks' capital levels instead of fixed-term savings accounts.
The Commission said it would ensure the banks use no more taxpayers' money than necessary and that they do not go back to unsustainable business practices.
The Commissioner said he would decide on other Spanish banks with capital shortfalls on Dec. 20.
The approval allows the euro zone to disburse the funds from its permanent ESM bailout fund. Spain was given approval to receive up to €100-billion from the ESM in the summer.