In this Feb. 25, 2010, file photo, Malian President Amadou Toumani Toure speaks during a news conference at the presidential palace, in Bamako.ERIC FEFERBERG/AFP/Getty Images
Former Malian president Amadou Toumani Toure, who won acclaim as a champion of democracy before being toppled by a military coup in 2012, has died at 72, an aide said on Tuesday.
Mr. Toure’s life in many ways symbolized the stop-start nature of democracy in Mali, where his successor, Ibrahim Boubacar Keita, was overthrown in another coup this August.
Widely known by his initials ATT, Mr. Toure led an army coup in 1991 against military ruler Moussa Traore, who had violently suppressed anti-government protests. Mr. Toure organized democratic elections the following year and handed over power to a civilian president, earning him the nickname of “Soldier of Democracy.”
He died in Turkey on the night of Nov. 9, his chief of staff, Seydou Cissouma, told Reuters, providing no further details.
Jeune Afrique reported the former president was flown to Turkey after undergoing a heart operation in Bamako.
“A major actor in Malian democracy, ATT, over the course of his exceptional life, contributed to shaping a modern Mali,” interim president Bah N’Daw said in a statement.
Mr. Toure returned to the presidency in 2002, winning election with nearly 65 per cent of the vote, and was re-elected to a final five-year term in 2007.
During his presidency, Mali won international praise as a regional model of democracy for its regular elections and relatively free press. Mr. Toure was planning to step down when his second term expired in 2012.
But his authority was weakened by high-level corruption, armed opposition in the desert north and a perception among some Malians that elections were not as free and fair as international observers suggested.
That ultimately led to the March, 2012, coup by midranking officers, followed by the fall of northern Mali to jihadist militants later that year.
Despite intervention by French forces in 2013 to help the government retake the north, militants linked to al-Qaeda and the Islamic State group have since expanded their foothold in Mali and other countries in the region.