U.S. magazine columnist E. Jean Carroll departs the Manhattan Federal Court in New York on May 9. Ms. Carroll testified during the civil trial that Donald Trump raped her in a Bergdorf Goodman department store dressing room in Manhattan in either 1995 or 1996, then harmed her reputation by writing in an October, 2022, post on his Truth Social platform that her claims were false.ED JONES/AFP/Getty Images
Donald Trump sexually abused magazine writer E. Jean Carroll in the 1990s and then defamed her by branding her a liar, jurors decided on Tuesday and awarded her US$5-million in damages.
The former U.S. president, campaigning to retake the White House in 2024, will appeal, said his spokesman Steven Cheung. Mr. Trump will not have to pay so long as the case is on appeal.
Ms. Carroll, 79, testified during the civil trial that Mr. Trump, 76, raped her in a Bergdorf Goodman department store dressing room in Manhattan in either 1995 or 1996, then harmed her reputation by writing in an October, 2022, post on his Truth Social platform that her claims were a “complete con job,” “a hoax” and “a lie.”
Ms. Carroll held hands with her lawyers as the verdict was read.
She left the courthouse with her lawyer Roberta Kaplan, smiling and wearing sunglasses, and entered a car without speaking to reporters.
The nine-member jury in Manhattan federal court awarded US$5-million in compensatory and punitive damages. Although the finding of sexual abuse was enough to establish his liability for battery, the jury did not find that Mr. Trump raped her.
The jury deliberated for just under three hours before rejecting Mr. Trump’s denial that he assaulted Ms. Carroll. To find him liable, the jury of six men and three women was required to reach a unanimous verdict.
Mr. Trump was absent throughout the trial, which began on April 25. In a post on his Truth Social platform, Mr. Trump called the verdict a “disgrace” and said, “I have absolutely no idea who this woman is.”
President from 2017 to 2021, Mr. Trump is the front-runner in opinion polls for the Republican presidential nomination and has shown an uncanny ability to weather controversies that might sink other politicians.
It seems unlikely in America’s polarized political climate that the civil verdict will have an impact on Mr. Trump’s core supporters, who view his legal woes as part of a concerted effort by opponents to undermine him.
“The folks that are anti-Trump are going to remain that way, the core pro-Trump voters are not going to change, and the ambivalent ones I just don’t think are going to be moved by this type of thing,” said Charlie Gerow, a Republican strategist in Pennsylvania.
Any negative impact is likely to be small and limited to suburban women and moderate Republicans, he said.
Jurors were tasked with deciding whether Mr. Trump raped, sexually abused or forcibly touched Ms. Carroll, any one of which would satisfy her claim of battery. They were separately asked if Mr. Trump defamed Ms. Carroll.
Because this was a civil case, Mr. Trump faces no criminal consequences and, as such, there was never a threat of prison.
Mr. Trump’s legal team opted not to present a defense, gambling that jurors would find that Ms. Carroll had failed to make a persuasive case.
Mr. Trump had said Ms. Carroll, a former Elle magazine columnist and a registered Democrat, made up the allegations to try to increase sales of her 2019 memoir and to hurt him politically.
Because the case was in civil court, Ms. Carroll was required to establish her rape claim by “a preponderance of the evidence” – meaning more likely than not – rather than the higher standard used in criminal cases of “proof beyond a reasonable doubt.” Ms. Carroll had to show “clear and convincing evidence” to prove her defamation claim.
The trial featured testimony from two women who said Mr. Trump sexually assaulted them decades ago.
Former People magazine reporter Natasha Stoynoff told jurors that Mr. Trump cornered her at his Mar-a-Lago club in Florida in 2005 and forcibly kissed her for a “few minutes” until a butler interrupted the alleged assault. Another woman, Jessica Leeds, testified that Trump kissed her, groped her and put his hand up her skirt on a flight in 1979.
Jurors also heard excerpts from a 2005 “Access Hollywood” video in which a live microphone recorded Mr. Trump disparaging women.
“Historically, that’s true, with stars … if you look over the last million years,” Mr. Trump said in an October, 2022, video deposition played in court. He has repeatedly denied allegations of sexual misconduct.
Ms. Carroll’s lawyer Ms. Kaplan told jurors during closing arguments on Monday that the 2005 video was proof that Mr. Trump had assaulted Ms. Carroll and other women.
The federal trial, presided over by U.S. District Judge Lewis Kaplan, who is not related to Ms. Carroll’s lawyer, began on April 25. Citing the uniqueness of a civil case against a former president, the judge decided that the names, addresses and places of employment of the jurors would be kept secret.
Ms. Carroll testified that she bumped into Mr. Trump at Bergdorf’s while he was shopping for a gift for another woman. Ms. Carroll said she agreed to help Mr. Trump pick out a gift and the two looked at lingerie before he coaxed her into a dressing room, slammed her head into a wall and raped her. Ms. Carroll testified she could not remember the precise date or year the alleged rape occurred.
Ms. Carroll faced questions from Mr. Trump’s legal team attacking the plausibility of her account, including why she had never reported the matter to police or screamed during the alleged incident.
Two of Ms. Carroll’s friends said that she told them about the alleged rape at the time but swore them to secrecy because she feared that Mr. Trump would use his fame and wealth to retaliate against her if she came forward.
Ms. Carroll told jurors she decided to break her silence in 2017 after rape allegations against Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein prompted scores of women to come forward with accounts of sexual violence by powerful men. She went public with her account while Mr. Trump was still president.
She said Mr. Trump’s public denials wrecked her career and instigated a campaign of vicious online harassment by his supporters including various threatening messages and social media posts.
While Mr. Trump did not testify at the trial, a video clip from the October, 2022, deposition showed him mistaking Ms. Carroll for one of his former wives in a black-and-white photo among several people at an event.
“It’s Marla,” Mr. Trump said in the deposition, referring to his second wife Marla Maples. Previously Mr. Trump had said he could not have raped Ms. Carroll because she was not “his type.”
Mr. Trump has cited the Carroll trial in campaign fundraising e-mails as evidence of what he portrays as a Democratic plot to damage him politically.
His poll numbers improved after he was charged in New York in March with falsifying business records over a hush money payment to a porn star before his victory in the 2016 presidential election.
That indictment, filed in New York state court, made him the first U.S. president past or present to be criminally charged. Mr. Trump has pleaded not guilty and said the charges are politically motivated.