U.S. weekly unemployment claims unexpectedly rise; labour market continues to recover

The number of Americans filing new claims for unemployment benefits unexpectedly rose last week, boosted by surges in California and Virginia, but the underlying trend remained consistent with a steadily recovering labour market.

The second straight weekly increase in jobless claims reported by the Labour Department on Thursday puzzled economists. Some pointed a finger at the wildfires in California, while others blamed Hurricane Ida, which devastated U.S. offshore energy production in late August. There was little conviction that continuing COVID-19 infections, driven by the highly contagious Delta variant of the coronavirus, were a factor.

“Some, but not all, of this recent pickup looks related to Hurricane Ida, as filings in Louisiana have been above their prestorm trend in recent weeks,” said Daniel Silver, an economist at JPMorgan in New York. “But even including any storm-related claims, the recent move up in filings has not looked particularly severe so far, and we don’t think the labour market recovery has been derailed at this point.”

Initial claims for state unemployment benefits increased 16,000 to a seasonally adjusted 351,000 for the week ended Sept. 18. Economists polled by Reuters had forecast 320,000 applications for the latest week.

Unadjusted claims in California jumped 24,221, while Virginia reported a rise of 12,879. There were also notable increases in Oregon, Ohio and Kentucky. Claims in Louisiana fell and have been above their prehurricane trend in recent weeks.

“Perhaps fires in California and the lingering impact of Ida in Virginia contributed to those increases, but we don’t know for certain,” said Nancy Vanden Houten, lead U.S. economist at Oxford Economics in New York. “We expect claims to return to their downward path in the weeks ahead, but the data will be more uneven as claims get closer to prepandemic levels.”

The four-week moving average of claims, considered a better measure of labour market trends as it irons out week-to-week volatility, fell 750 to 335,750 last week. That was the lowest level since mid-March, 2020, when mandatory closings of non-essential businesses were enforced when the United States was slammed by the first wave of coronavirus cases.

Claims have dropped from a record 6.149 million in early April, 2020, but still remain above the 200,000-250,000 range that is viewed as consistent with healthy labour market conditions.

The U.S. Federal Reserve on Wednesday struck an upbeat note on the economy, paving the way to reduce its monthly bond purchases “soon” and signalling interest rate increases may follow more quickly than expected.

A survey on Thursday from data firm IHS Markit showed business activity grew at its slowest pace in a year in September as companies struggled with continuing shortages of raw materials and labour.

But the slowdown is likely temporary. A third report from the Conference Board showed its leading economic index, a gauge of future U.S. economic activity, increased 0.9 per cent in August after rising 0.8 per cent in July. The Conference Board said “the trend in the LEI is consistent with robust economic growth in the reminder of the year.”

Stocks on Wall Street were trading higher. The dollar slipped against a basket of currencies. U.S. Treasury prices were lower.

WORKER SHORTAGES

Last week’s claims data covered the period during which the government surveyed employers for the nonfarm payrolls portion of September’s employment report. Claims were little changed between the August and September payrolls survey periods.

Job growth slowed in August, with payrolls posting their smallest gain in seven months as hiring stalled in the high-contact leisure and hospitality sector.

The claims report also showed the number of people continuing to receive benefits after an initial week of aid increased 131,000 to 2.845 million in the week ended Sept. 11. Data next week on the continuing claims will offer more clues on how hiring fared in September.

Pandemic-related factors are causing worker shortages, which are constraining hiring. Fed chair Jerome Powell told reporters on Wednesday that he anticipated “more rapid gains in employment” as these factors, which include lack of affordable child care and fears contracting the virus, diminish.

There were a record 10.9 million job openings at the end of July. The Fed projected the unemployment rate to be at 4.8 per cent this year. That was up from the 4.5 per cent rate the U.S. central bank projected in June. The jobless rate was 5.2 per cent in August.

There is cautious optimism that the labour crunch will ease after the expiration of government-funded unemployment benefits early this month, which had been blamed by businesses and Republicans for encouraging the unemployed to stay at home.

At least 11.25 million people were receiving benefits under all programs during the week ended Sept. 4. According to Andrew Stettner, senior fellow at the Century Foundation, more than eight million people have lost all their pandemic benefits.

It is, however, unlikely this would boost the labour pool. An early termination of expanded benefits by about 25 states led by Republican governors over the summer did not lead to a surge in hiring in those areas, and the Delta variant could cause reluctance among some people to return to work.

“For the labour market, recovery is ongoing, but supply shortages remain a headwind,” said Rubeela Farooqi, chief U.S. economist at High Frequency Economics in White Plains, N.Y.

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