U.S. producer prices increased by the most in more than 1½ years in July, but the overall trend in producer inflation remained subdued amid signs the economy’s recovery from the COVID-19 recession was faltering.
The jump in producer prices reported by the Labor Department on Tuesday, however, further diminished the risk of deflation, a decline in the general price level. Deflation is harmful during a recession as consumers and businesses may delay purchases in anticipation of lower prices.
Overall, benign inflation should allow the Federal Reserve to maintain its extraordinarily easy monetary policy as it tries to nurse the economy back to health.
“Fed officials will see no reason to be on high alert for inflation pressures after today’s modest rebound in producer prices and there is little reason for them to temper their highly stimulative monetary policy,” said Chris Rupkey, chief economist at MUFG in New York.
The producer price index for final demand increased 0.6 per cent last month, driven by a surge in portfolio management fees and rising costs for gasoline. That was the biggest gain since October 2018 and followed a 0.2 per cent decline in June.
In the 12 months through July, the PPI dropped 0.4 per cent after falling 0.8 per cent in the 12 months through June.
Economists polled by Reuters had forecast the PPI would rise 0.3 per cent in July and decrease 0.7 per cent on a year-on-year basis.
Excluding the volatile food, energy and trade services components, producer prices increased 0.3 per cent last month after a similar rise in June. In the 12 months through July, the core PPI edged up 0.1 per cent. The core PPI ticked down 0.1 per cent on a year-on-year basis in June.
The Fed tracks the core personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index for its 2 per cent inflation target. The core PCE price index rose 0.9 per cent on a year-on-year basis in June. July’s core PCE price index data will be released later this month.
There is little scope for inflation to heat up as the economy continues to take a hit from the COVID-19 pandemic. A separate report on Tuesday showed small business confidence relapsed in July, with owners tempering their economic expectations over the next six months.
Small businesses noted that “sales are often lower due to business restrictions, social distancing requirements, and a still-reduced willingness of consumers to go out and mingle with the general population.”
PORTFOLIO FEES JUMP
Coronavirus infections have soared across the United States, forcing authorities in some of the worst-affected areas to either shut down businesses again or pause reopenings, sending workers back home.
The government reported last Friday that the economy created 1.763 million jobs in July after a record rise of 4.791 million in June. Only 9.3 million of 22 million jobs lost between February and April have been recouped. At least 31.3 million people are on unemployment benefits.
The economy, which entered recession in February, suffered its biggest blow since the Great Depression in the second quarter, with gross domestic product dropping at its steepest pace in at least 73 years.
Stocks on Wall Street were trading largely higher, with the S&P 500 index closing in on a record high, as investors bet on more stimulus measures. The dollar slipped against a basket of currencies. Prices of U.S. Treasuries were down.
Last month, wholesale food prices fell 0.5 per cent as the cost of meat dropped 8.0 per cent. Food prices decreased 5.2 per cent in June. Wholesale gasoline prices increased 10.1 per cent after advancing 26.3 per cent in June. Goods prices shot up 0.8 per cent. That followed a 0.2 per cent rise in June.
Excluding food and energy, goods prices climbed 0.3 per cent in July after inching up 0.1 per cent in the prior month.
The cost of services rebounded 0.5 per cent, the largest gain since April 2019, after dropping 0.3 per cent in June. A 0.4 per cent increase in the prices for services, excluding trade, transportation, and warehousing, accounted for about 60 per cent of last month’s rise.
Margins for final demand trade services, which measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers, advanced 0.8 per cent. A 7.8 per cent surge in portfolio fees was also a major contributor to the acceleration in the costs of services.
That reflected a stock market rally and followed a 2.2 per cent advance in June. But prices for airline tickets fell 7.0 per cent. The cost of motel and hotel accommodation also declined. The cost of healthcare services increased 0.4 per cent.
Those airline tickets, healthcare and portfolio management costs feed into the core PCE price index.
“Weaker demand should exert downward pressure on prices overall, keeping a sustained return to and overshoot of 2 per cent unlikely for some time,” said Veronica Clark, an economist at Citigroup in New York.
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