The Federal Reserve will likely need to raise interest rates further to bring down inflation that is still too high, but the end to its current monetary-policy tightening cycle is getting close, several U.S. central bank officials said on Monday.
The Fed has raised interest rates by five percentage points since March, 2022, to bring down the highest U.S. inflation in four decades. Fed policy makers opted last month to forego a rate increase to give themselves time to assess the still-developing effects of the previous hikes in borrowing costs, even as most also pencilled in at least two more increases by the end of 2023.
“We’re likely to need a couple more rate hikes over the course of this year to really bring inflation” sustainably back to the U.S. central bank’s 2-per-cent goal, San Francisco Fed president Mary Daly said during an event at the Brookings Institution, giving voice to the most common view among her rate-setting peers at the Fed.
But, Ms. Daly added, while the risks of doing too little are still greater than those of overdoing it on rate hikes, the two sides are getting into better balance as the Fed nears “the last part” of its hiking cycle.
Ms. Daly said she fully supported June’s policy decision, along with a go-slower approach that allows for more “extreme” data dependence. “We may end up doing less because we need to do less; we may end up doing just that; we could end up doing more. The data will tell us.”
Fed policy makers are widely expected to deliver a rate hike at their meeting later this month, a move that would bring the policy rate to the 5.25-per-cent to 5.50-per-cent range.
What’s less clear is whether they will raise rates again at the September meeting, wait until November, or just stay on hold and let inflation ease over time.
Fed chair Jerome Powell has said he cannot rule out consecutive rate hikes to deal with stubbornly high inflation, which by the central bank’s preferred gauge, the personal consumption expenditures index, has fallen from a peak of 7 per cent last year to 3.8 per cent in May, still nearly twice the Fed’s target.
“We still have a bit of work to do,” Fed vice-chair for supervision Michael Barr said on Monday at a separate event. “I’ll just say for myself, I think we’re close.”
Atlanta Fed president Raphael Bostic, speaking at yet another event on Monday, repeated his view that the Fed can be “patient” on rates and allow restrictive policy to bring down inflation without further action by the central bank.
But within the Fed there remains a camp that feels just the opposite.
“In June, I was in the camp that we move up a little bit more and, in assessing where things are today, I’m still in that camp,” Cleveland Fed president Loretta Mester said at an event held by the University of California, San Diego.
Still, she said, “we are closer to the end of our tightening phase than the beginning.”